As a dermatologist in Miami, I'm often asked how to reduce the appearance of large pores. In this post, I'll explain what causes pores to enlarge and provide evidence-based strategies to help shrink pores and make them less visible. I will help you find the best pore minimizer products and cosmetic procedures.

Pores are small openings in the skin connected to hair follicles and oil glands underneath. They serve as channels that allow oil, sweat and dead skin cells to reach the surface of the skin. 

Pores can appear to open and close as the skin around them swells and shrinks.

Pores are located all over the body but are most noticeable on the face, particularly in areas with many oil glands like the nose, forehead and chin. Facial pores appear as tiny indentations or holes in the skin's surface.

Pores allow essential functions like oil secretion for moisture and sweating for temperature regulation. But many people desire to minimize the visible appearance of large pores on the face for cosmetic reasons. With age, pores often appear more enlarged due to loss of collagen around them.

While true pore size cannot be reduced, there are several effective strategies to minimize their appearance using various pore minimizers.

Ten ways to minimize pores on the face:

1. Clean debris from pores with salicylic acid
2. 'Use antioxidants to lighten the color of the debris in clogged pores (blackheads)
3. Increase the amount of water retention in the skin surrounding the pores with humectants
4. Increase the amount of collagen in the pore walls with retinoids and other antiaging skincare products
5. Shrink the collagen in the pore walls and get rid of sagging using skin tightening procedures with heat 
6. Increase thickness of pore walls by injecting fillers like SkinVive^®
7. Decrease sebaceous gland function with retinoids, botulinum toxins, or testosterone blockers
8. Splash with cold water to decrease blood flow to the area, shrinking tissue.
9. Get a HydraFacial ^®  treatment
10. See a medical aesthetician for extractions

Using the wrong skin care products for your Baumann Skin Type can lead to clogged pores.  Take the Baumann Skin Type Quiz to find out which of the 16 Baumann Skin Types you are and build a custom skin care routine from many different brands.

[[ctaquiz]]

There are many types of pore minimizers.  

The best pore minimizers are:

• Cleansers
• Toners
• Serums
• Prescription creams
• Retinoids
• Devices to shrink pores
• Devices to extract blackheads from pores

When my patients want to minimize pores, these are the products I recommend.  I choose a pore minimizing product from this list based on which Baumann Skin Type they are.

Dermatologist-recommended pore minimizers:

1. Winlevi- This prescription cream is the best way to shrink pores that I have seen. This is an acne medication that blocks testosterone in the skin.  It works on all genders. Find a medical provider or doctor near you to prescribe this amazing pore shrinking cream.
2. NoLIO Salicylic Acid Cleanserthis is my go to cleanser for my patients with oily skin. The salicylic acid can get into pores and help clean them out.
3. Shea Terra Rose Hips & Black Soap Deep Pore Facial Wash- My patients with oily skin that does not sting or have redness go nuts over this cleanser.  This is too irritating for dry skin or rosacea-prone skin types.
4. Murad Daily Clarifying Peel can be used 3 times a week in sensitive skin and nightly in resistant skin.  It contains retinol and alpha hydroxy acids. Use this in Step 3 in your night regimen after an eye cream and before your moisturizer.  

5. Vichy Mineral Pore Purifying Clay Maskcan be used with other prodcuts on this list.  This clay mask is best for oily skin types that want to shrink pores.

   
   

   I highly recommend that if large pores are a concern that you start using a retinoid like retinol. Here are low strength retinols to get started on. Use one bottle or tube and then increase to a mid strength and then a high strength retinol.

   
   

   Low strength retinol list to minimize pores:

   
   

5 ways to tighten pores:

1. Increase collagen
2. Decrease sebum production
3. Use an astringent to shrink tissue
4. Decrease blood flow to the area by applying cold with an ice bath or an ice face roller
5. Swell the skin around the pores with humectants or  by lowering the skin pH

Astringents shrink tissue. You can find astringents with witch hazel, alcohol, and sage in toners to tighten the sagging skin around pores.  The results are temporary.

Salicylic acid is a lipophilic ingredient that can penetrate deep into pores, helping to dissolve and clear out dead skin cells and sebum buildup. This helps reduce pore congestion. Retinol also helps clear pores by increasing skin cell turnover and exfoliation to sweep away pore-clogging debris.

If you have very dry skin, salicylic acid may be too drying.  Although BHA (salicylic acid) is better at clearing pores, AHAs can help by increasing exfoliation.

These toners help clear pores in dry skin types:

The best way to decrease sebum to shrink the sebaceous glad size and pore size is to take an oral retinoid like Accutane or a pill to block the effects of testosterone such as spironolactone.  These are the most effective way and fasted method to get rid of pores.  In fact, Accutane can shrink pores permanently- or at least for a few years. However, oral medications have side effects so I prefer treating my patients  with topical prescription medications. Topical cosmetic products claim to decrease sebum production, but most of them just absorb or hide the sebum by covering it with dimethicone. Luckily there is a relatively new prescription  medication called Winlevi (clascoterone) that is like a topical spironolactone,  It blocks testosterone in the skin which reduces sebum production.  It is FDA approved for acne but I use it in my patients to shrink pores.  In combination with a retinoid like retinol- it is phenomenal. You can find a medical provider near you at this link to get a prescription for Winlevi.

If you want to start a retinol, read here about which retinol is best for beginners.  You need to start with a low strength and work your way up.  Here are some low strength retinols:

In addition to the tips above, there are some tools available for at-home use that can temporarily shrink the appearance of pores:

• Dermarollers - These small roller devices with microscopic needles can be rolled over the skin to create tiny injuries that stimulate collagen production and tightening. Use requires proper technique to avoid infection.
• Pore vacuums - These suction devices are designed to deeply clean out pores, removing dirt, oil and debris. This can reduce pore appearance by clearing away clogs.
• Facial massagers - Massage tools like jade rollers can improve circulation and lymphatic drainage around pores, reducing temporary swelling that makes pores more visible.
• Ice rollers - Rolling ice-filled massagers over the face constricts pores by cooling the skin. This tightening effect is temporary but can reduce pore appearance for a short time.
• Pore strips - These strips are applied to the nose or face and peel off when dry, extracting dirt, oil and dead skin. They can help clear debris from pores.

Consistency is key when using these tools for ongoing pore reduction. Temporary tightening effects require repeated use for maintained results. As always, consult a dermatologist if you have concerns about your pore health and appearance.

If you cannot go to a professional medical aesthetician for extractions, here are some pore cleaner devices that you can use at home.

Botulinum toxins have been used to treat oily skin and some reports have observed that these treatments function as a pore minimizer by shrinking oil glands.  These neurotoxins are not FDA approved for use in oily skin or to shrink pores but you can find many studies in teh scientific literature. (3,4,5,6)

Chemical peels remove dead skin cells and stimulate new collagen growth to tighten the look of pores. The same effect can be achieved using high strength alpha hydroxyacid (AHA) toners, serums and moisturizers.

Injectable dermal fillers fill in indentations and plump the skin around pores to minimize pore openings. (6,7,8)  

How Skinvive (hyaluronic acid) injections can help shrink the appearance of pores:

Skinvive is an injectable moisturizer composed of hyaluronic acid (HA). When injected into the skin, it provides pore reduction through the following mechanisms:

• Hydration - HA is a powerful humectant that attracts and binds water molecules. This hydrates the skin around pores, causing the tissue to plump and essentially compress the pore openings.
• Volume filling - The gel-like HA fills in depressions and scars that may accentuate pores. This adds volume to smooth and flatten the surface.
• Stimulation of fibroblasts - HA mildly stimulates fibroblast activity to renew collagen production. This gradually firms and tightens skin and sagging pores.
• Lubrication of tissue - HA reduces friction between skin layers allowing them to glide smoothly over one another. This can improve the appearance of pores as skin distends less.

The hydrating and volumizing effects of Skinvive are seen immediately upon injection. Mild collagen stimulation provides gradual tightening over several months. HA fillers are eventually broken down by the body but results can last 6-12 months.

By adding hydration, fill, and gentle collagen induction to the skin, Skinvive smoothes over indented pores, allowing them to become less visible. The oft-used analogy is applying a painter's putty or spackle to fill in dents or holes in the wall - the same concept applies to filling pore spaces.

How Sculptra injections can help make pores appear smaller:

Sculptra is an injectable dermal filler made of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA). It works through biostimulation - gradually stimulating collagen production over time.

When injected into the deep dermis, the PLLA microparticles cause a low-grade inflammation that triggers fibroblast activity. Fibroblasts are cells that produce collagen and other extracellular matrix components.

Over the course of several months after injection, fibroblasts stimulated by Sculptra will regenerate new collagen fibers as well as thicken existing collagen strands in the treated area.

This increase in dermal collagen provides enhanced support to the surrounding tissue. With more robust collagen scaffolding, the skin becomes firmer and pores become less visible.

Essentially, Sculptra injections help make pores appear smaller by:

• Boosting collagen in and around the pore canal, allowing for tissue tightening
• Thickening the dermis, reducing the indentations of pore openings
• Strengthening the structural matrix around pores for added support
• Improving skin texture for a smoother, tighter appearance

The PLLA itself is eventually broken down and eliminated by the body. But results from the new collagen production stimulated by Sculptra can last up to 2 years. Treatments are typically spaced out over a few months for optimal collagen regeneration.

Hydrafacial is a popular non-invasive facial that can help minimize the appearance of enlarged pores. This multistep treatment uses a device with a vacuum tip that suctions away impurities while simultaneously bathing the skin with hydrating serums.

The hydrafacial device contains a spiral tip with multiple edges that gently exfoliate the surface layers of skin. As the device glides over the face, the suction simultaneously extracts dirt, oil and dead skin cells from pores.

After this vacuuming of debris to de-clog pores, the device painlessly micro-punctures the skin with peptide-filled serums. These serums provide hydration and nourishment.

By deeply cleansing pores and infusing moisture, hydrafacial reduces any visible pore stretching caused by congestion and dehydration. The treatment finishes with LED light therapy to further boost collagen.

Hydrafacials instantly improve pore appearance by removing pore-clogging debris. A series of monthly treatments helps maintain clean, hydrated skin for minimized pore visibility. The treatment is safe for most skin types.

An IPL photofacial is a non-invasive aesthetic procedure that uses bright pulses of light to improve skin concerns like large pores, pigmentation, and wrinkles.

During an IPL treatment, a handheld device is placed against the skin. The device emits rapid, high-energy light flashes targeting brown and red pigments.

The light energy penetrates the skin and is preferentially absorbed by melanin and hemoglobin. This creates heat, which stimulates collagen production and causes mild inflammation.

The inflammation triggers tissue repair and regeneration. With repeated treatments, collagen regenerates, skin tightens, and pore appearance improves.

Photofacials use light rather than lasers. They offer a gentler treatment with minimal downtime for issues like sun damage, enlarged pores, and redness.

IPL shows optimal results after a series of 4-6 sessions done 3-4 weeks apart. Maintenance yearly or biyearly helps sustain results. Photofacials can be used safely on lighter skin types but can cause hyperpigmentation in darker skin types.

Lasers like CO2 lasers can improve skin texture and rebuild collagen but don't shrink the deepest part of the pore itself. In some cases laser resurfacing can actually make pores look bigger.  This is why Fraxel lasers are a better option than the classic CO2 laser.

VBeam or Pulsed Dye Lasers, also called vascular lasers, use heat to stimulate collagen regeneration around pores leading to tightening and shrinking.

Microneedling is a treatment that uses small needles to create microscopic punctures in the skin. This stimulates wound healing and new collagen production. During a microneedling session, a device with fine needle tips is moved over the skin, penetrating the upper layers of the epidermis. This causes minor controlled skin injury. The micro-injuries trigger the body to produce new collagen and elastin as part of the healing response. Over 4-6 weeks following the treatment, collagen regeneration occurs. The new collagen fibers strengthen and tighten the skin surrounding pores. This collagen remodeling effectively shrinks the pore openings. Multiple microneedling sessions allow for significant collagen induction, leading to skin tightening and reduction of pore size over time. The perforations also allow penetration of skincare products. Overall, the microneedling process creates new collagen that firms up the skin and minimizes the visible openings of enlarged pores.

PRP stands for platelet-rich plasma. It is an autologous concentration of platelets extracted from the patient's own blood. To obtain PRP, a blood sample is drawn and spun in a centrifuge to separate the platelet-rich plasma from other blood components.

Platelets contain growth factors and other bioactive proteins that promote tissue regeneration. When PRP is injected back into the skin, these growth factors stimulate collagen production and new cell growth.

For pore reduction, PRP is injected into the dermis surrounding enlarged pores. The growth factors induce collagen regeneration and tightening of the skin over a period of weeks. As new collagen matrices form, they provide structural support to compress and minimize the pore openings.

Repeated PRP treatments reinforce this collagen stimulation. The procedure is minimally invasive with little downtime. Many patients see gradual improvement in pore appearance after a series of 3-4 PRP treatments done monthly.

The benefits occur because the concentrated growth factors in PRP boost natural collagen renewal. This strengthens the skin tissue and effectively shrinks the size of stretched out pores for a smoother, tighter look. PRP therapy harnesses the body's own regenerative healing mechanisms for pore reduction.

The structure of a facial pore consists of:

1. The opening or mouth where oil and dead skin emerge
2. The canal or tunnel that connects to the follicle and oil gland
3. The gland that produces oil (sebum) called the sebaceous gland
4. The hair follicle at the bottom of the pore

Preventing sagging, dilated large pores is important. Here are some tips to keep your  pores small:

• Avoid comedogenic ingredients
• Avoid over exfoliating 
• Avoid causes of clogged pores
• Wash your face 2 times a day (am and pm)
• Reduce stress
• Use the right skin care products for your Baumann Skin Type
• Consider beginning retinol

Pores do not actually open and close like doors. They do not have muscles or mechanisms to allow the opening to expand and contract. However, pores can appear to open and close as the surrounding skin changes shape.

Several factors influence the visible size of pore openings:

• Oil Production - When oil (sebum) is produced and fills the pore, it essentially pushes the opening open and makes it appear larger.
• Contracting/Relaxing - The circular muscles around pores can contract to make them appear smaller, or relax to make them appear larger.
• Hydration Levels - Well-hydrated skin appears plump and smooth, minimizing the look of pores. Dehydrated skin makes pore openings more visible.
• Environmental Temperature - In cold temperatures, the skin constricts, causing pores to appear smaller. Heat causes expansion and larger-looking pores.
• Dead Skin/Debris - When dead skin cells and debris fill up the pore opening, the blockage stretches it open.

While the pore canal itself remains fixed in size, the visible opening at the surface can seem to change in size based on these factors. Proper skin care helps optimize pore appearance by managing oil production, hydration, and dead skin buildup. But the pore openings remain open at all times for necessary functions.

Pores are essential openings that allow communication between the deeper layers of the skin and the surface. Permanently closing pores would disrupt normal skin function. There are a few key reasons pores must remain open:

• Sebum secretion - Pores provide passageways for oil (sebum) to be released from sebaceous glands to the skin's surface. Sebum keeps skin moisturized and protected. Blocking sebum flow entirely could lead to extreme dryness.
• Sweat release - Pores are openings for sweat to emerge from eccrine sweat glands. Sweating is vital for thermoregulation. Inability to sweat could cause dangerous overheating.
• Natural exfoliation - Dead skin cells (corneocytes) need to shed from the skin regularly. Pores provide an exit for this natural exfoliation process. Closing pores could lead to a buildup of dead cells. and lead to cysts.
• Hair growth - Hair follicles are connected to pores. Permanently sealed pores could prevent new hairs from emerging through the skin.
• Gas exchange - Some gas exchange between the bloodstream and environment occurs through the skin. Pores facilitate a small amount of this exchange.

 Forcing pores closed against their nature could seriously disrupt normal integumentary system processes.

While a large pore size can be an aesthetic concern, pores work hard to maintain healthy skin function. They can be minimized through proper skin care but not totally eliminated. Even lasers do not completely remove pores.

Get started on the right skin care products for your skin type now!  Shop using your Baumann Skin Type.

1. Baumann L. Antiaging Ingredients in Ch. 37 of Baumann's Cosmetic Dermatology Ed 3. (McGraw Hill 2022)
2. Baumann, L. Ch.  Cosmeceuticals and cosmetic Ingredients (McGraw Hill 2015)
3. Sayed, K. S., Hegazy, R., Gawdat, H. I., Abdel Hay, R. M., Ahmed, M. M., Mohammed, F. N., ... & Fahim, A. (2021). The efficacy of intradermal injections of botulinum toxin in the management of enlarged facial pores and seborrhea: a split face-controlled study. Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 32(7), 771-777.
4. Shuo, L., Ting, Y., KeLun, W., Rui, Z., Rui, Z., & Hang, W. (2019). Efficacy and possible mechanisms of botulinum toxin treatment of oily skin. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 18(2), 451-457.
5. Shirshakova, M., Morozova, E., Sokolova, D., Pervykh, S., & Smirnova, L. (2021). The effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) in the treatment of facial skin oily seborrhea, enlarged pores, and symptom complex of post‐acne.
6. Shah, A. R. (2008). Use of intradermal botulinum toxin to reduce sebum production and facial pore size. Journal of drugs in dermatology: JDD, 7(9), 847-850.
7. Qian, W., Zhang, Y. K., Hou, Y., Lyu, W., Cao, Q., Li, Y. Q., & Fan, J. F. (2018). Effect analysis of intradermal hyaluronic acid injection to treat enlarged facial pores. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 17(4), 596-599.
8. Cheng, H. Y., Chen, Y. X., Wang, M. F., Zhao, J. Y., & Li, L. F. (2018). Evaluation of changes in skin biophysical parameters and appearance after pneumatic injections of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid in the face. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 20(7-8), 454-461.
9. Dong, J., Lanoue, J., & Goldenberg, G. (2016). Enlarged facial pores: an update on treatments. Cutis, 98(1), 33-36.
10. Hameed, A., Akhtar, N., Khan, H. M. S., & Asrar, M. (2019). Skin sebum and skin elasticity: Major influencing factors for facial pores. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 18(6), 1968-1974.
11. Flament, F., Francois, G., Qiu, H., Ye, C., Hanaya, T., Batisse, D., ... & Bazin, R. (2015). Facial skin pores: a multiethnic study. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology, 85-93.
12. Roh, M., Han, M., Kim, D., & Chung, K. (2006). Sebum output as a factor contributing to the size of facial pores. British Journal of Dermatology, 155(5), 890-894.
13. Parvar, S. Y., Amani, M., Shafiei, M., Rastaghi, F., Hosseini, S. A., & Ahramiyanpour, N. (2023). The efficacy and adverse effects of treatment options for facial pores: A review article. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 22(3), 763-775.
14. Suh, D. H., Jeong, J. Y., Lee, S. J., Song, K. Y., & Ryu, H. J. (2021). Can a radiofrequency device reduce the pore size?. Lasers in medical science, 1-6.
15. Ahmed El Attar, Y., & Nofal, A. (2021). Microbotox for the treatment of wide facial pores: A promising therapeutic approach. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 20(5), 1361-1366.
16. Nawwar, E. M. A., Kandil, A. H., & El-Kholy, B. M. (2022). New insight in the treatment of wide facial pores. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 86(1), 759-761.
17. Elawar, A., & Dahan, S. (2018). Non-insulated fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment with smooth motor insertion for reduction of depressed acne scars, pore size, and skin texture improvement: a preliminary study. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 11(8), 41.
18. Lee, S. J., Seok, J., Jeong, S. Y., Park, K. Y., Li, K., & Seo, S. J. (2016). Facial pores: definition, causes, and treatment options. Dermatologic Surgery, 42(3), 277-285.
19. Cizauskaite, U., & Bernatoniene, J. (2018). Innovative natural ingredients-based multiple emulsions: the effect on human skin moisture, sebum content, pore size and pigmentation. Molecules, 23(6), 1428.
20. Suh, D. H., Chang, K. Y., Lee, S. J., Song, K. Y., Choi, J. H., Shin, M. K., & Jeong, K. H. (2015). Treatment of dilated pores with 1410-nm fractional erbium-doped fiber laser. Lasers in Medical Science, 30, 1135-1139.